H5N1 Compiled by Betty C. Jung

https://www.bettycjung.net/H5N1.htm

Graphic source: https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/distribution-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-h5-and-h5n1-north-america-20212022
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1)
Internet Resources

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Infectious Diseases: A - L Infectious Diseases: M - Z

July 20, 2024 You can still access the page for information. I just moved this content over from my Infectious Disease webpage so I can reorganize everything as so much information is being released since March 2024 with the H5N1 cattle outbreak.

Suggested Citation: Jung, B.C. (2024 - 2025). H5N1 Internet Resources.
Web document: https://www.bettycjung.net/H5N1.htm
Mission: To provide a one-stop Web resource page with factual information about H5N1
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Avian Flu (H5N1) [Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1)]

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Human (Discovered 2021)

Animal species infected with H5N1. Wildlife species are encircled in green, agricultural species are encircled in blue, and peridomestic and domestic species are circled in red. Orange arrows depict transmission from an avian host. Purple arrows depict transmission from a bovine host. Viruses indicate influenza A strains known to circulate in species that present a high risk for reassortment.

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/php/surveillance/chart-epi-curve-ah5n1.html

Graphic source: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.02209-24

Graphic source: https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/time-act-new-bird-flu-spillovers

Graphic source: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/many-us-parents-feel-uninformed-about-avian-flu-risks-survey-finds

Graphic source: Katelyn Jetelina 3-1-2025

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7404a2.htm
This chart about bird flu in domestic cats was apparently released by the CDC by accident. (Lena Sun/The Washington Post) [February 6, 2025]

Graphic source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2025/02/06/cdc-mmwr-bird-flu-public-health-communication/

Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2829318?guestAccessKey=48efae44-86d8-46b9-bcc9-6b79b4d7554a
January 6, 2025 - First U.S. death from H5N1

Graphic source: https://x.com/BNOFeed/status/1876365296870769128

Graphic source: https://bsky.app/profile/bettycjung.bsky.social/post/3lecgxreiuk2f

Graphic source: https://bsky.app/profile/bettycjung.bsky.social/post/3lecgxreiuk2f

Map source:https://www.statista.com/chart/33683/cumulative-number-of-confirmed-h5n1-cases-worldwide/

Map source: https://www.statista.com/chart/33680/number-of-dairy-herds-with-h5n1-cases-in-the-united-states/

Map source: https://www.statista.com/chart/33684/number-of-confirmed-human-h5n1-cases-by-exposure-source

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html

Graphic source: ‪SARS‑CoV‑2 (COVID-19)‬ ‪@covid19disease.bsky.social

Graphic source: https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/bird-flu-strains-spread-around-globe-2024-07-10/

Graphic source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2329826/
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Epi Reports

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Child with No Known Exposure - San Francisco, California, December 2024-January 2025 8/4/2025 MMWR

Global Summary of Recent Human Cases of H5N1 Bird Flu CDC.gov 8/4/2025

Global Human Cases with Influenza A(H5N1), 1997-2025 7/25/2025 CDC.gov

CDC says avian flu may infect the gut, though risk is low 9/8/2025

CDC streamlines H5N1 avian flu reporting 7/8/2025

Influenza A Viruses May Infect GI Tract and Cause Digestive Symptoms 9/8/2025

Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people Assessment based on data as of 1 March 2025 WHO.int 4/17/2025

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - Mexico WHO.int 4/17/2025

Mexico's fatal H5N1 case involved D1.1 genotype, which has been tied to serious illness 4/17/2025

Fatal H5N1 case reported in India's Andhra Pradesh state 4/2/2025

H5N1 detected in Texas dairy herd; researchers can't pinpoint source of California child's illness 9/5/2025

H1N1 Flu Pandemic of 2009 May Be Protecting Against Bird Flu 8/22/2025 JAMANetwork

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook March 27, 2025

Are we ready for the next pandemic? 3/2025

The Occurrence of Another Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Spillover from Wild Birds into Dairy Cattle 2/7/2025

Bird Flu in Connecticut: Experts Provide Insights On Risk, Mutation, And Preparedness 2/2025

Bird Flu Is Raising Red Flags Among Health Officials. H5N1 is a dynamic virus that poses an increasing threat in terms of spillover and pandemic potential. 1/2025

Bird flu is widespread among CT waterfowl. Experts say to stay clear of carcasses 2/2025

CDC scientific report resumes publication after unprecedented pause. But three studies about bird flu remain on hold even as the outbreak spreads. 2/6/2025

Comparison of Contemporary and Historic Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Replication in Human Lung Organoids 2/2025

The (digestive) path less traveled: influenza A virus and the gastrointestinal tract 8/2025

NEJM Outbreaks Update — H5N1: A View from the States 3/2025

Past Reported Global Human Cases with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI H5N1) by Country, 1997-2025 CDC.gov

Performance of Rapid Tests for Detection of Avian Influenza A Virus Types H5N1 and H9N2 4/2006

Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2024, 12 December 2024

Humans might already have some immunity against H5N1 bird flu 2/2025

Third avian flu spillover reported in Arizona dairy herd; raw pet food sickens Oregon cats 2/17/2025

Time to Act on New Bird Flu Spillovers A strategic and biosecurity overview of what could protect U.S. agriculture and people from H5N1 infections 3/10/2025

What is Bird Flu? JAMA Fact Sheet

Avian Influenza Report Hong Kong 1/4/2025

Bird flu is mutating, but antivirals still work. Researchers identified nine mutations in a bird flu strain from a person in Texas; 1/15/2025

Fatal Avian Influenza (H5N1) Infection in Human, China 11/2010 NIH.gov

First H5 Bird Flu Death Reported in United States 1/6/2025

Bird poop may be the key to stopping the next flu pandemic. Here’s why. 12/2024

CDC Confirms First Severe Case of H5N1 Bird Flu in the United States CDC.gov 12/18/2024.

A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors 12/2024

Bird flu virus isolated from hospitalized Canadian teen shows signs of human adaptation 11/2024

CDC A(H5N1) Bird Flu Response Update September 27, 2024

A(H5N1) influenza in dairy cattle in the United States of America FAO.org 2024

Bird flu strains: Where are they spreading around the globe? 7/2024 Reuters.com

California Current Bird Flu Situation

CDC: 3 veterinarians had recent H5N1 infections but didn't know they had been exposed 2/13/2025

CDC confirms first severe H5N1 case in US patient 12/18/2024

CDC confirms H5N1 Bird Flu Infection in a Child in California 11/22/2024 CDC.gov

CDC Report on Missouri H5N1 Serology Testing 10/24/2024

CDC says close contact of Missouri bird flu patient showed symptoms. In a report Friday, the agency said the second person was not tested and has recovered. 9/2024

CDC tests confirm another H5N1 case from California 1/15/2025

Child Infected with bird flu from drinking raw milk (BNO News)

Graphic source: https://x.com/BNOFeed/status/1866647127394340967

Circulating H5N1 Bird Flu Spotted by Wastewater Monitoring During Summer - Signal has generally trailed off, but more sensitive method showed virus lingering in Texas; 9/2024

Critical Illness in an Adolescent with Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection 12/31/2024 NEJM

Ferret study suggests seasonal flu immunity may protect against severe H5N1 infection 7/2025

First Severe Human Infection Of Bird Flu Virus In The US Shows Signs Of Mutation 12/2024

Genetic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Identified in a Person in Louisiana 12/26/2024 CDC.gov

Getting Ahead of H5N1: Declare a Public Health Emergency, Expand Wastewater Testing, and Increase Vaccine Research and Availability—Sooner Rather Than Later 12/2024

DEFCON 3 for H5N1. (DEFCON 1 is the worst.) Why my threat assessment has changed. 12/31/2024

H5N1 Bird Flu continues to take its toll in the United States, also affecting British Columbia 12/2024

Health Departments Struggle to Track Human Cases of Bird Flu, Emails Reveal. "We need to take steps today to prevent the worst-case scenario," says expert 10/2024

Here's why bird flu fears are intensifying 11/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans 12/31/2024

How Worried Should We Be About the Latest Bird-Flu Mutation? 12/2024

I’m an Emergency Physician Keeping an Eye on Bird Flu. It’s Getting Dicey. There’s no evidence that it’s spreading between humans, but a severe case is bad news. 12/31/2024

Inside the Bungled Bird Flu Response, Where Profits Collide With Public Health. When dairy cows in Texas began falling ill with H5N1, alarmed veterinarians expected a fierce response to contain an outbreak with pandemic-sparking potential. Then politics-and, critics say, a key agency's mandate to protect dairy-industry revenues-intervened. 10/2024 Vanity Fair

Nevada reports H5N1 in dairy worker; USDA fleshes out D1.1 sequencing from affected herds 2/10/2025

New reports sharpen clinical picture of recent human H5N1 illnesses in US and Canada 12/2024

NIH officials assess threat of H5N1 Balancing enhanced vigilance and “business as usual. 12/31/2024

Ohio announces human H5N1 avian flu case, state's first 2/2025

Oregon confirms first human case of highly pathogenic avian influenza 11/15/2024

Personal Protective Equipment Use by Dairy Farmworkers Exposed to Cows Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses — Colorado, 2024 MMWR 11/7/2024

Rapid Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtypes from a Subtype H5N1 Hemagglutinin Variant 5/2015 NIH.gov

Review finds serious gaps in steps to control avian flu in mammals 9/24/2024

San Francisco reports H5N1 avian flu in child 1/13/2025

San Mateo County cat diagnosed with bird flu as CDC deletes evidence on possible feline-human transmission 2/7/2025

Scientists Are Racing to Develop a New Bird Flu Vaccine 1/2025

Scientists identify mutation that could facilitate H5N1 'bird flu' virus infection and potential transmission in humans. New findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance for H5N1 mutations that pose risks to public health 12/2024

Serologic Evidence of Recent Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Among Dairy Workers — Michigan and Colorado, June–August 2024 11/7/2024 MMWR

Seroprevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Infections Among Bovine Veterinary Practitioners — United States, September 2024 2/13/2025 MMWR

Single mutation in H5N1 influenza surface protein could enable easier human infection 12/2024

Son Nearly Died After Drinking Raw Milk: Murrieta Mom's Journey. Raw milk made recent headlines, but Mary McGonigle-Martin of Murrieta has warned of its dangers since 2006. 11/2024

The Bird Flu Virus Is One Mutation Away from Getting More Dangerous 12/2024

The Emerging Threat of H5N1 to Human Health 12/31/2024 NEJM

Under certain conditions, a single H5N1 flu virus mutation could lead to spread among people 12/2024

Understanding the Basics of Bird Flu 5/27/2025

Updated joint FAO/WHO/WOAH assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) virus events in animals and people 8/14/2024

Updates on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) FDA.gov

USDA issues national milk testing order 12/2024

What we know about the U.S. bird flu outbreak and its chronic disease risk 4/2025

Will bird flu spark a human pandemic? Scientists say the risk is rising H5N1 is adapting to new mammalian hosts, raising the possibility of the virus spreading between humans. 1/27/2025

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Guidance and References

Graphic source:https://gvn.org/global-virus-network-issues-urgent-call-to-action-to-mitigate-the-rising-threat-of-h5n1-avian-influenza/

Graphic source: http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/phcommon/public/media/mediapubhpdetail.cfm?prid=4908

Update on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus for Clinicians and Healthcare Centers 7/16/2024 COCA

Clinical Guidance for Evaluating Patients and Treatment and Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) of Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection CDC.gov 7/8/2025
Clinicians should consider the possibility of HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection in patients showing signs or symptoms of acute respiratory illness or conjunctivitis who also have relevant exposure history.

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/hcp/clinicians-evaluating-patients/clinical-guidance-treatment.html

Global Virus Network Issues Urgent Call to Action to Mitigate the Rising Threat of H5N1 Avian Influenza: Top global virologists publish a comprehensive analysis and advocate for a multi-government initiative in the Lancet Regional Health—Americas 4/2025

Accelerated Subtyping of Influenza A in Hospitalized Patients 1/2025

Avian Flu Food Handlers OSHA Quick Cad

Avian Influenza American Veterinary Medical Foundation (AVMF)

Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks AVMA.org

Avian Influenza A(H5) Outbreak CORE Center for Outbreak Response Innovation

Avian Flu Diary

Avian Influenza Weekly Update Number 954 July 5, 2024 WHO.Int

Biden-Harris Administration Takes New Action to Halt the Spread of Bird Flu, including in California and Washington 10/2024

Bird flu could become a human pandemic. How are countries preparing? Wealthy nations are purchasing vaccines against H5N1 influenza and boosting surveillance, but there are concerns that low-income countries will be left behind. 7/12/2024

Bird flu viruses have mutations that might help them spread to humans. A human immune system protein called butyrophilin helps to stop bird flu from infecting people, but some viruses currently circulating have mutations that might overcome this barrier 6/2023

CDC urges livestock workers get seasonal flu vaccine to cut pandemic risk 7/20

Deja Vu All Over Again - Refusing to Learn the Lessons of Covid-19 7/24/2024 NEJM.org

Everything You Need to Know About H5N1 Bird Flu An article with ongoing updates. 1/2025

FAO Calls for More Efforts to Combat Avian Flu as Cases Rise Worldwide August 1, 2024

FAO recommendations for Global Avian Influenza Viruses with Zoonotic Potential. Recommendations for affected countries and those at risk 2024

Governor Newsom takes proactive action to strengthen robust state response to Bird Flu 12/18/2024

H5 Influenza Vaccines - Moving Forward Against Pandemic Threats 9/2024

Health Monitoring, Testing, and Case Identification Among Persons Exposed to Influenza A(H5N1) - Michigan, 2024 MMWR 7/25/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations CDC.gov 12/2024

How CDC is monitoring influenN1)za data among people to better understand the current avian influenza A (H5 situation CDC.gov

How does bird flu cross species barrier to infect mammals? 8/2024

H5N1: Much More Than You Wanted To Know 1/2025

If bird flu sparks a human pandemic, your past immunity could help Older populations might be more protected than younger ones because of exposure to "matched" strains during childhood, but an H5N1 pandemic is likely to take a major toll all the same. 7/2024

In Bird Flu Fight, CDC Plans Seasonal Flu Shot Push for Farmworkers - Co-infection with seasonal influenza, H5N1 raises concerns about human adaptation, CDC says 7/30/2024

Information for Farm Workers Exposed to H5N1 Bird Flu 6/2024

Interim Guidance for Employers to Reduce Exposure to Avian Influenza A Viruses (Such as H5N1) for People Working with Animals 1/2025

Interim Guidance on Follow-up of Close Contacts of Persons Infected with Novel Influenza A Viruses and Use of Antiviral Medications for Chemoprophylaxis 3/25/2022

Interim Guidance on the Use of Antiviral Medications for Treatment of Human Infections with Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Severe Human Disease 3/2022

Investigation into the risk to human health of avian influenza (influenza A H5N1) in England: technical briefing 1 12/2022

Is bird flu the next pandemic? What to know after the first H5N1 death in the US 1/2025

Missouri investigates more possible human-to-human H5N1 avian flu spread 9/27/2024

Monitoring for H5 in people 5/14/2024

Nationwide-Dairy-Labor-Survey_FARM-Workforce-Development 3/2020

New insights on how bird flu crosses the species barrier 6/2024

Novel Avian Influenza A Virus Infections of Humans 12/2019

OSHA - Avian Flu Food Handlers

Pathology, Molecular Biology, and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans 5/2008 NIH.gov

Past Examples of Possible Limited, Non-Sustained Person-to-Person Spread of Bird Flu 3/2022

Past Reported Global Human Cases with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI H5N1) by Country, 1997-2022 1/2023 CDC.gov

Prevention and Antiviral Treatment of Bird Flu Viruses in People 10/2022

Protect Yourself From H5N1 When Working With Farm Animals 4/15/2024

Public ignorance, apathy toward avian flu could threaten containment, researchers say 4/18/2025

Recommendations for Worker Protection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Reduce Exposure to Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Severe Disease in Humans 4/15/2024

Reducing Risk for People Working with or Exposed to Animals 4/2024 CDC.gov
Scientists track emergence of novel H5N1 flu reassortant in Cambodia 11/2024
Should We Worry About the U.S. Bird Flu Outbreak? Surveillance teams have an eye out for any human cases 2/2022

STRATEGY FOR SUMMER 2025 INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE

Surveillance for human infections with avian influenza A (H5) viruses. objectives, case definitions, testing and reporting 4/11/2025 WHO.int

Symptom Monitoring Among Persons Exposed to HPAI

Table: Human cases of H5N1 bird flu Updated 7/6/2024

Updated Interim Recommendations for Worker Protection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Reduce Exposure to Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Disease in Humans 4/26/2024

USDA Announces New Federal Order, Begins National Milk Testing Strategy to Address H5N1 in Dairy Herds 12/6/2024

US farmers call for vaccine option to fight bird flu as wildfowl migration begins 9/2024

Wastewater Dashboard 5/14/2014

Who is at Risk Amid the H5N1 Influenza Outbreak? Characteristics and Health Coverage of Animal Production Workers 5/2024 KFF.org

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Human Cases

America’s first bird flu death reported in Louisiana 1/6/2025

U.S. reports first severe human case of bird flu, in a patient hospitalized in Louisiana. The CDC said the person was most likely exposed to the virus from sick or dead birds in a backyard flock. 12/18/2024

The World Is Watching the U.S. Deal With Bird Flu, and It’s Scary 11/2024

6 dairy workers infected in California as bird flu outbreak spreads 10/11/2024

A human bird flu case is thought to be found in Canada for the first time 11/11/2024

California Case Is the First Confirmed Bird Flu Infection in a U.S. Child. No evidence virus spread from child to other people 11/2024

Cambodian man dies from H5N1 avian flu, possibly after eating sick chickens 1/2025

CDC confirms first case of bird flu in a child in California. State health agencies maintain that the risk for the virus spreading is low 12/2024

CDC Reports Human Case of Bird Flu Not Linked to Animals 9/27/2024

CDC Confirms Human H5 Bird Flu Case in Missouri 9/6/2024

First case of bird flu not directly linked to sick animals is found in Missouri 9/2024

Another Person Tests Positive for Bird Flu, CDC Says - Colorado dairy worker becomes the fourth human case tied to dairy cattle outbreak 7/4/2024

Are Doctors Missing Cases of H5N1 Bird Flu in People Who Drink Raw Milk? - What would the infection look like, and would doctors recognize it and test for it? 7/2024

Avian flu infects two more Colorado poultry cullers, one at second farm 7/22/2024

Bird flu cases among farm workers may be going undetected, a study suggests 7/31/2024

Bird Flu Cases Are Going Undetected, New Study Suggests - "I am very confident there are more people being infected than we know about," researcher says;

Bird flu shows mutations in Chilean man 4/2023

Bird flu strains: Where are they spreading around the globe? 7/2024 Reuters.com

Cambodia reports new human case of H5N1 bird flu 7/6/2024

Cambodia reports 2 more human H5N1 avian flu infections 1/2024

CDC confirms H5N1 in California child as Hawaii details testing results 11/22/2024

CDC Confirms Three Human Cases of H5 Bird Flu Among Colorado Poultry Workers 7/25/2024

China reports human case of H5N1 bird flu 3/2023

Colorado reports avian flu infections in 5 people who culled sick poultry 7/15/2024

Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2023, 5 January 2023 1/2023

Current U.S. Bird Flu Situation in Humans CDC.gov

Cambodia reports fatal H5N1 avian flu case 8/20/2024

First U.S. Bird Flu Case With Respiratory Symptoms Emerges - The third human case of H5N1 occurred in a Michigan dairy farm worker 5/30/2024

Four more health care workers reported illnesses after caring for bird flu case in Missouri. It is not clear if any of these people were actually infected with H5N1 9/27/2024

Girl who died of bird flu did not have widely-circulating variant. Scientist who sequenced the virus isolated from a Cambodian girl says it is not the strain causing mass deaths in birds globally. Nature.com 2/2023

Global groups warn of ongoing H5N1 avian flu threat to people 7/2023

H5N1 avian flu infects 2 children in Cambodia 7/8/2024

H5N1 infects second farm worker in California as feds bolster vaccine supply 10/2024

Health officials confirm human cases of avian flu in Colorado poultry workers 7/14/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Identification of Human Infection and Recommendations for Investigations and Response 4/5/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection Reported in a Person in the U.S. 4/2024 CDC.gov

How a Dairy Worker Got Infected With Bird Flu 5/3/2024

Human Transmission But No Pandemic in Indonesia 6/2006

Is bird flu spreading among people? Data gaps leave researchers in the dark. Mysterious US bird flu case in person without any known contact with an infected animal raises spectre of human-to-human transmission. 9/19/2024

Latest human H5N1 bird flu case in US is 1st to cause respiratory symptoms 6/2024

More Healthcare Workers Tied to Missouri H5N1 Bird Flu Case Developed Symptoms. All four will have serology testing to determine whether they, too, had H5N1 infection 9/27/2024

New U.S. Human Case of Bird Flu Reported - H5N1 in Michigan farmworker becomes second human case associated with outbreak in dairy cows 5/22/2024

No Asymptomatic Bird Flu Infections in Dairy Farmworkers, Small Study Finds - But officials announce two more cases among farmworkers in Colorado7/19/2024

Person infected with bird flu in Missouri had no contact with animals. The case adds to growing anxiety about the risk of the H5 virus spreading among humans. 9/6/2024

Possible H5N1 bird flu case in Marin County child; source of infection unknown 12/2024

Potential First Known Case of Mammal-to-Human Bird Flu Transmission Detailed - Genetic evidence strongly suggests dairy farm worker contracted H5N1 from cattle 5/3/2024

Previously undetected H5N1 avian flu cases in farmworkers revealed in new report 8/1/2024

Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China 4/2008

Probable Person-to-Person Transmission of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) 1/2005

Reported Human Infections with Avian Influenza A Viruses 1/2023 CDC.gov

Study of H5N1 from an infected person 11/2024

Summary of H5N1 Seroprevalence Studies 6/5/2024 CDC.gov

The U.S. may be missing human cases of bird flu, scientists say 5/2/2024

Two New Cases of Avian Flu Spotted in California. Investigation of Missouri case also continues amid complications 10/7/2024

U.S. and China report 3 more human cases of bird flu, UN calls for urgent action 7/25/2024

U.S. Case of Human Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Reported 4/2022 CDC

US, European nations consider vaccinating workers exposed to bird flu 5/2024

US undercounts bird flu in cattle as farmers shun testing 8/2024

What Are the Symptoms of Bird Flu?

What we know about H5N1 bird flu in cows and the risk to humans 4/2024

Why a teenager’s bird-flu infection is ringing alarm bells for scientists. A strain of avian influenza is showing signs of adaptation to human hosts, but there is no evidence that it can transmit from person to person. 11/22/2024

With Only Gloves To Protect Them, Farmworkers Say They Tend Sick Cows Amid Bird Flu 8/2024

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Cats

FDA warns of H5N1 avian flu detection in raw cat food 9/4/2025

H5N1 Avian Influenza and your cat

After Bird Flu Detected in Local Cat, County Health Officials Say Pet Owners Should Contact Veterinarian When Their Pets are Sick 2/6/2025

Avian flu detected in Belgian cats as outbreaks continue on US poultry, dairy farms 3/10/2025

Avian influenza A (H5N1) in cats American Veterinary Medical Foundation (AVMF)

Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Felines: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Literature 5/7/2025

California probe ties cat's avian flu illness to raw pet food 1/2025

Cat and Dog Food Manufacturers Required to Consider H5N1 in Food Safety Plans 1/17/2025 FDA.gov

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 virus exposure in domestic cats and rural stray cats, the Netherlands, October 2020 to June 2023 10/2024

Public Health Warns Against Feeding Pets Raw Food Following H5 Bird Flu Virus Detection 12/24/2024

20 Cats Confirmed with Bird Flu in Poland 7/2021

Analysis of cow, cat H5N1 avian flu samples raises concerns about spread to other animals 4/2024

Avian flu suspected in cats that drank raw milk as virus kills animals at Arizona zoo 12/2024

Bird flu cases now detected in domestic cats in Colorado 8/2024

Bird flu has killed 20 big cats including cougars at a U.S. wildlife sanctuary 12/26/2024

Bird Flu Is Infecting Pet Cats. Here's What You Need to Know. As bird flu spreads in cats, cows and other animals, it has more opportunity to adapt to easily infect humans 8/2024

Bobcat dies after being first wild mammal to test positive for avian flu in California 2/2023

Confirmed H5 Bird Flu Detected in Los Angeles County Cats That Consumed Recalled Raw Milk - Public Health Investigating Additional Possible Cases in Cats 12/18/2024
Domestic cats in Colorado are dying of bird flu. Is your cat at risk? 8/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024 7/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection of Indoor Domestic Cats Within Dairy Industry Worker Households — Michigan, May 2024 2/10/2025 MMWR

Influenza A(H5N1) in cats in Poland 7/2023

Los Angeles County confirms avian flu in cat deaths as more cases suspected 12/19/2024

Organic Pet Food Regulations to be Cut Due to Deregulation Initiative. Organic Cat and Dog Food will be regulated "as livestock feed' instead of "pet food". 6/3/2025

People Can Spread Bird Flu to Their Cats, Study Suggests — CDC researchers call for further investigation of the risk of fomite transmission of H5N1 2/2025

Polish officials probe H5N1 avian flu link to cat deaths 6/2023

Public health concerns as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus found in cat in France 6/2023

South Korea detects H5N1 avian flu in shelter cats 7/2023

Spike in avian flu cases in cats triggers worry about human spillover 5/2025

Spikes of Bird Flu in Cats Could Be a Warning of a Future Pandemic 5/12/2025

USDA confirms more H5N1 avian flu in cats, other mammals 4/2/2025

WHO weighs in on risks from H5N1 avian flu in Polish pet cats 7/2023.

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Cattle (Discovered December 2023 - January 2024) AKA Bovine (cow) HPAI H5N1

Timeline of A(H5N1) events in animals in the United States of America from 1 December 2021 to 11 July 2024 by type of animal. Includes data published by USDA APHIS and events reported to WOAH via the WAHIS platform and by national authorities gathered by FAO EMPRES-i

Graphic source:https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/34bd0ed0-ef93-4231-9cba-73bcc565fd0b/content
Influenza A(H5N1) detections in cattle in the United States of America, from 25 March 2024 until 11 July 2024, with background estimated cattle density layer from GLW4 model v4 adjusted to FAOSTAT 2015

Graphic source: https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/next-pandemic-2025-new-bird-flu-h5n1-virus-outbreak.html

Graphic source:https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/34bd0ed0-ef93-4231-9cba-73bcc565fd0b/content

Graphic source: https://healthpolicy-watch.news/fao-calls-for-more-efforts-to-combat-avian-flu-as-cases-rise-worldwide/

https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/farm-workers.html

Graphic source: https://publichealthcollaborative.org/resources/what-agricultural-producers-should-know-and-do-about-h5n1-bird-flu/
As of June 20, 2024, this is what we know so far...

Graphic source: https://x.com/CDCFlu/status/1803847825773449332

Graphic source: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/hpai-h5n1-dairy-cattle-mi-epi-invest.pdf

Graphic source: https://healthpolicy-watch.news/as-more-us-dairy-herds-infected-with-avian-flu-americans-in-the-dark-on-the-risks-of-raw-milk/

Graphic source: https://sigmadafclarifiers.com/en/tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-de-la-industria-lactea/

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pdf/avianflu/protect-yourself-h5n1.pdf

Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1783116745445720374

Graphic source: https://twitter.com/bettycjung/status/1783118593737036117

Graphic source: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/avian_flu_food_handlers.pdf

Avian flu exacts heavy financial toll on dairy industry, report says 7/17/2025

Avian Influenza A (H5) in Wastewater, July 2024 to February 2025 6/2025 JAMANetwork.com

Bird Flu on Dairy Farms May Be Airborne After All. Infectious bird flu virus was found in milk, on equipment, within wastewater and aerosolized in the air on California dairy farms 8/2025

Flies, 'milk snatching' among H5N1 transmission contributors in dairy cattle 7/2025

Study finds live avian flu virus in raw milk for more than 1 day at room temperature, 1 week in fridge 6/2025

Minnesota milk surveillance flags H5N1 in dairy herd 3/25/2025

Can Anything Stop Bird Flu? A virus run rampant, health systems hollowed, public trust destroyed … This is the way the next pandemic might work. 3/10/2025

GAO tells USDA to tighten oversight of meat, poultry safety 1/23/2025

A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors 12/2024

Investigation of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Dairy Cattle 12/30/2024

Exclusive: US to begin bulk milk testing for bird flu after push from industry 10/30/2024

Bird Flu Is Primarily Transmitted Among Dairy Cattle Through Milking, Study Suggests 10/2024

Bovine H5N1 influenza from infected worker transmissible and lethal in animal models. Some antiviral drugs highly effective against bovine H5N1. 10/28/2024
How U.S. Farms Could Start a Bird Flu Pandemic. The virus is poised to become a permanent presence in cattle, raising the odds of an eventual outbreak among people. 8/2024
H5N1 Bird Flu Circulating in Dairy Cows in the United States GISAID.org 8/2024

FAO Calls for More Efforts to Combat Avian Flu as Cases Rise Worldwide 8/1/2024

Fighting Blind: There Remains Much We Don't Know About the H5N1 Outbreak — Here are key questions we need to answer to prevent larger crises 8/1/2024

H5N1 dairy cow study finds sustained milk production drop, extensive transmission across herd 3/13/2025

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations 6/20/2024 CDC.gov

High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Cattle 5/2024

New bird flu variant in cattle adds to concerns about federal response under Trump 2/2025

USDA Actions to Protect Livestock Health From Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza 4/24/2024

H5N1 Mutation Detected In US dairy Herds Prompts Caution On Pandemic Potential PB2 E672K 3/13/2025

Animal experiments shed more light on behavior of H5N1 from dairy cows 7/8/2024

Are We Testing Enough for H5N1? Experts question whether U.S. has a handle on the scope of the outbreak in dairy cattle 4/25/2024

ASPR's Response to H5N1 Bird Flu 6/2024

Study: Bird Flu in Dairy Cows May Spread More Easily to Other Mammals 8/9/2024

CDC confirms 4th human case of H5N1 avian flu as more dairy herds in Colorado hit 7/3/2024

2024 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) - Michigan Dairy Herd and Poultry Flock Summar 6/9/2024

Studies find little to no immunity to H5N1 avian flu virus in Americans 6/2024

Technical Report: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses 6/5/2024

As More US Dairy Herds Infected with Avian Flu, Americans in the Dark on the Risks of Raw Milk 7/2024

Assessing avian influenza in dairy milk 6/4/2024 NIH.gov

CDC Confirms Second Human H5 Bird Flu Case in Michigan; Third Case Tied to Dairy Outbreak Risk to general public remains low 5/30/2024

Colorado now has the worst outbreak of bird flu among dairy cattle in the country. The state has seen nearly one-quarter of its herds affected, most in the past month 7/2/2024

Colorado orders weekly bulk tank avian flu testing for dairy farms 7/23/2024

Exclusive: Cows infected with bird flu have died in five US states 6/6/2024

Fact Sheet: In Response to H5N1, HHS and USDA Focus on Protecting Farmworkers 5/31/2024

Analysis of cow, cat H5N1 avian flu samples raises concerns about spread to other animals 4/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Detected in Oklahoma Dairy Herd 7/12/2024

HPAI Detections in Livestock OFFLU.org 5/13/2024

1 in 5 samples of pasteurized milk had bird flu virus fragments, FDA says. Milk sampled from areas with infected herds of dairy cows was more likely to be positive. 4/25/2024

1 in 5 US retail milk samples test positive for H5N1 avian flu fragments 4/23/2024

Are We Testing Enough for H5N1? Experts question whether U.S. has a handle on the scope of the outbreak in dairy cattle 4/25/2024

As bird flu spreads in cows, here are 4 big questions scientists are trying to answer 4/26/2024

Avian flu detected for first time in US livestock 3/2024

Avian flu virus in cattle highlights urgent need for ramped up efforts to prevent spillover of viruses from animals to people 2024

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - United States of America 4/2024 WHO.Int

Bird flu cases are likely being missed in dairy workers, experts say. Experts maintain the milk supply is safe. Their focus is on keeping the people who work with cows from getting sick. 4/26/2024

Bird flu found in Oklahoma dairy herd, showing bigger US outbreak 7/15/2024

Bird flu in US cows: where will it end? Scientists worry that the H5N1 strain of avian influenza will become endemic in cattle, which would aid its spread in people. May 8, 2024

Bird flu is spreading through U.S. farms. What are the risks to people? 4/30/2024

Bird Flu Outbreak in Dairy Cows Is Widespread, Raising Public Health Concerns 5/8/2024. JAMANetwork

Bird flu outbreak in US cows: why scientists are concerned. A virus that has killed hundreds of millions of birds has now infected cattle in six US states, but the threat to humans is currently low. 4/2024

Bird Flu Virus Detected For First Time In Beef From Sick Dairy Cow: USDA. According to officials, the USDA discovered the virus during routine testing of beef tissue from 96 dairy cows. 5/25/2024

Case report bolsters evidence for H5N1 avian flu spread from cow to Texas dairy worker 5/3/024

CDC launches new influenza A wastewater dashboard; states report more H5N1 in dairy herds 5/14/2024

CDC Reports A(H5N1) Ferret Study Results 6/7/2024

CDC sequencing of H5N1 avian flu samples from patient yields new clinical clues 4/3/2024

H5N1 traces found in muscle from culled dairy cow; Michigan reports 3 more affected herds 5/2024

Technical Notes: Clarification to Inquiries Received on April 24 Federal Order USDA.gov

Clues From Bird Flu's Ground Zero on Dairy Farms in the Texas Panhandle 5/2024

Colorado officials probe source of H5N1 in cows as USDA confirms more infected mammals 5/8/2024

Contaminated meat likely source of avian flu that killed bush dogs in UK zoo, preprint suggests 4/2024

Could bird flu in cows lead to a human outbreak? Slow response worries scientists The H5N1 virus is a long way from becoming adapted to humans, but limited testing and tracking mean we could miss danger signs. 5/17/2024

Cow's Milk Containing Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus” Heat Inactivation and Infectivity in Mice 5/24/2024 NEJM

Dairy cattle must be tested for bird flu before moving between states, agriculture officials say 4/2024

Dairy industry wastewater treatment plants for farms and processors

Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle 5/1/2024 PrePrint

Experiments show H5N1 risk to dairy cows not exclusive to subtype infecting US herds

Features of H5N1 influenza viruses in dairy cows may facilitate infection, transmission in mammals. H5N1 virus did not efficiently transmit via respiratory route to ferrets. 7/8/2024 NIH.gov

First case of influenza A (H5) detected in Michigan resident May 22, 2024 Michigan.gov

Genetic analysis reveals H5N1 flu virus outbreak in cows likely started earlier than thought 4/23/2024

H5N1 avian flu infects Colorado dairy cows as global experts weigh in on virus changes 4/26/2024

Halting the Bird Flu Outbreak in Cows May Require Thinking Beyond Milk 7/2024

High H5N1 influenza levels found in mice given raw milk from infected dairy cows Mice administered raw milk samples from dairy cows infected with H5N1 influenza experienced high virus levels in their respiratory organs and lower virus levels in other vital organs. 5/24/2024 NIH.gov

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024 7/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Genotype B3.13 in Dairy Cattle: National Epidemiologic Brief 6/8/2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated from a human case in Chile causes fatal disease and transmits between co-housed ferrets. 3/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Detections in Livestock 4/5/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Updates in Michigan Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD)

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Identification of Human Infection and Recommendations for Investigations and Response 4/5/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Identification of Human Infection and Recommendations for Investigations and Response HAN 4/5/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Dairy Farm Worker NEJM 5/3/2024

Supplementary Appendix 5/3/2024

H5N1 bird flu in U.S. cattle: A wake-up call to action 4/2024

How Michigan became ground zero for H5 avian influenza in the US 6/3/2024

Infectious H5N1 influenza virus in raw milk rapidly declines with heat treatment. The amount of infectious H5N1 influenza viruses in raw milk rapidly declined with heat treatment in laboratory research. 6/14/2024

Is There a Vaccine for H5N1 Influenza? - And how quickly could it be deployed should it be needed? 4/2024

Large amount of bird flu virus in milk suggests asymptomatic cows are infected with H5N1 5/8/2024

Limited testing of raw milk for bird flu leaves safety questions unanswered 5/25/2024

'Most' Cases of Avian Influenza in USA Cattle Likely Undetected 1/2024

Pasteurization inactivates H5N1 bird flu in milk, new FDA and academic studies confirm 5/2024

Pasteurization neutralizes avian flu viruses in milk, researchers find 6/2024

Preliminary report on genomic epidemiology of the 2024 H5N1 influenza A virus outbreak in U.S. cattle (Part 1 of 2) 5/3/2024

Preliminary report on genomic epidemiology of the 2024 H5N1 influenza A virus outbreak in U.S. cattle (Part 2 of 2) 5/3/2024

Questions and Answers Regarding Milk Safety During Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Outbreaks 4/3/2024

Raw milk is a trend, but health officials say it's a dangerous one 6/2024

Remnants of Bird Flu Virus Found in Pasteurized Milk, FDA Says - Agency stressed that the material is inactivated 4/24/2024

Scientists find clues in early analysis of newly shared US H5N1 avian flu sequences 4/2024

Scientists wary of bird flu pandemic unfolding in slow motion 7/2024

Sick cows in 2 states test positive for avian flu 3/2024

Some Pasteurization Methods May Not Clear H5N1 in Heavily Infected Milk - In experimental study, trace infectious virus detectable in some samples heated for short periods 6/14/2024

Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle 7/25/2024 Nature.com

States and territories able to test for highly pathogenic H5N1 5/21/2024

Studies yield more clues about H5N1 avian flu susceptibility, spread in dairy cows 5/6/202

Study Raises Questions About Key Features of H5N1 Infection in Cattle - It may not always produce mild illness, and asymptomatic animals can harbor virus 7/2024

Study shows persistence of H5N1 in unpasteurized milk and on milking unit surfaces 6/2024

Technical Update: Summary Analysis of Genetic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses in Texas 4/2/2024

Testing transmission and infection of H5N1 from cows 7/23/2024

Tests confirm H5N1 in Oklahoma dairy herd; 13 states now affected 7/15/2024

The H5N1 Outbreak Is Not a Test Run, It's a Warning Shot - A true public health success would be preventing the virus from further adapting to humans 4/2024

There's never a good time to drink raw milk. But now's a really bad time as bird flu infects cows 4/29/2024

Three months into bird flu outbreak in U.S. dairy cows, experts see deep-rooted problems in response 6/2024

Updates on H5N1 Beef Safety Studies. USDA Announces Positive Finding in Muscle Sample from a Condemned Dairy Cow; No Meat from Dairy Cow Entered Food Supply 5/24/2024

Updates on H5N1 Beef Safety Studies 5/1/2024

Updates on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) 4/25/2024

Updated OFFLU Statement on high pathogenicity avian influenza in dairy cows 5/13/2024

US allows bulk milk testing for bird flu before cattle transport 5/2024

US, Colorado probe additional H5N1 bird flu cases in poultry farm 7/15/2024

USDA Actions to Protect Livestock Health From Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza. Federal Order to assist with developing a baseline of critical information and limiting the spread of H5N1 in dairy cattle 4/24/2024

USDA experiments suggest H5N1 not viable in properly cooked ground beef 5/16/2024

USDA orders H5N1 testing of some dairy cows to limit spread of bird flu 4/2024

USDA faulted for disclosing scant information about outbreaks of H5N1 avian flu in cattle 4/2024

USDA orders H5N1 testing of some dairy cows to limit spread of bird flu 4/2024

USDA releases H5N1 bird flu genetic data eagerly awaited by scientists 4/21/2024

USDA reports reveal biosecurity risks at H5N1-affected dairy farms 6/13/2024

U.S. is 'flying blind' with bird flu, repeating mistakes of COVID, health experts say 6/24/2024 NPR.org

US to expand bird-flu testing of beef in slaughterhouses 8/2024

Want to Stay Safe From Bird Flu? Cook Meat at Recommended Temperature, USDA Says - No H5N1 has been found in the meat supply, but cooking meat well would kill it if it appeared 5/16/2024

Wastewater testing for H5 avian flu virus could provide early warning, outbreak insights 5/2024

'We're Flying Blind' on H5N1: Experts See Repeat of CDC's Missteps on COVID Testing - Agency not moving fast enough to remove barriers blocking clinical labs from testing, critics say 6/20/2024

What's Driving Avian Influenza Virus Evolution? Human Food Systems. What we do next really matters 6/2024

WHO's top scientist learned a hard lesson about H5N1 two decades ago: Stopping it takes more than biology 5/7/2024

With Bird Flu Tests Hard to Get, How Will We Know When to Sound a Pandemic Alarm? If government doesn't prepare to ramp up testing, U.S. could be caught off guard again 6/2024

With H5N1 avian flu silently spreading in US cattle, wastewater testing could be key 5/7/2024

With Only Gloves to Protect Them, Farmworkers Say They Tend Sick Cows Amid Bird Flu - Employers fail to provide PPE while concerns grow over undiagnosed cases 9/2024

With the U.S. bird flu outbreak uncontained, scientists see growing risks 7/2024

Why Experts Are Worried About Bird Flu in Cows 4/26/2024

Why the New Human Case of Bird Flu Is So Alarming 6/2/2024

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Chicken

Graphic source: https://www.usatoday.com/story/graphics/2024/07/19/bird-flu-map-us-counties-outbreak/74445661007/

CDC confirms D1.3 genotype in recent H5N1 case in Ohio 3/2025

USDA launches biosecurity steps for poultry producers, adds details on H7N9 avian flu detection 3/2025

2022-2023 Confirmations of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Commercial and Backyard Flocks

Backyard poultry face bird flu risk when migrating mallards stop to rest 2/2025

Chicken culling, disposal raise concern as bird flu spread 7/18/2024

Colorado state health officials identify possible cases of avian flu in Colorado poultry workers 7/12/2024

'Exceptionally rare' mutation on H5N1 virus in Canada tied to antiviral drug resistance 2/2025

Farmers Must Kill 4.2M Chickens After Bird Flu Hits Iowa Egg Farm 5/2024

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Dog (2024)

Hunting-training dogs and companion dogs in the Netherlands are frequently exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5) and human H1N1 virus, 2021–2023 12/2025

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Pig (Discovered October 2024)

Bird flu has been found in a pig for the first time in the U.S. 10/2024

Federal and State Veterinary Agencies Share Update on HPAI Detections in Oregon Backyard Farm, Including First H5N1 Detections in Swine 10/30/2024

First H5N1 Bird Flu Infections in Pigs Raises Concerns 12/13/2024

USDA announces first H5N1 avian flu detection in US pigs 10/2024

Why the bird flu’s jump to pigs is concerning A virologist's take on the situation 11/2024

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Rats (Discovered January 2025)

Understanding Rodents and Bird Flu The recent USDA report about four black rats testing positive for bird flu in Riverside County, Calif., has raised questions in the pest control industry. 3/2025

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Sheep (Discovered March 2025)

UK reports H5N1 in a sheep on poultry-outbreak farm 3/2025

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Wild Birds (Discovered Chile, October 2022)

Report details first suspected H5 avian flu detections in seabirds in Antarctica 8/12/2025

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Avian Flu/H5N1 - Background

Graphic source: https://brilliantmaps.com/stunning-spring-bird-migration-map/?utm_source=brilliantmaps.beehiiv.com

Graphic source: https://brilliantmaps.com/stunning-spring-bird-migration-map/?utm_source=brilliantmaps.beehiiv.com

Graphic source: https://brilliantmaps.com/stunning-spring-bird-migration-map/?utm_source=brilliantmaps.beehiiv.com

Graphic source: https://brilliantmaps.com/bird-migration/

Graphic source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095211/

Graphic source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095211/
Panzootic (aka a pandemic of animals) H5N1 in mammals

Graphic source:https://twitter.com/PeacockFlu/status/1682696057744916480

Graphic source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/communication-resources/bird-flu-origin-infographic.html

Graphic source: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/fs-hpai-dead-wild-bird.508.pdf

A map showing where the H5N1 virus, a highly pathogenic type of avian influenza, has been detected in poultry and wild birds, between December 2021 and March 2023. Johanna A. Harvey, et al./Biological Conservation
Graphic source: https://www.vox.com/science/23709615/avian-influenza-h5n1-wild-birds

Graphic source: https://t.co/L4sFapoly3

Graphic source: https://t.co/L4sFapoly3

Connecticut Wild Bird Mortality Database 2/2025

Bird flu is widening its reach. Maps show US counties affected by outbreak. 7/19/2024

Bird flu spreading faster than 2023 in the EU, data shows 10/30/2024

Bird Flu Spreads to Pet Birds in Vermont. Federal and state officials are urging animal owners to guard their birds and cattle against H5N1. 12/2024

The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals 9/2024

United States of America - Influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity (Inf. with) (non-poultry including wild birds) (2017-) - Follow up report 51 World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH); WAHIS

Alpacas infected with H5N1 avian flu in Idaho 5/28/2025

Another 36 house mice in New Mexico test positive for H5N1 bird flu 6/11/2024

Antibodies to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Hunting Dogs Retrieving Wild Fowl, Washington, USA 6/2024

Distribution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 and H5N1 in North America, 2021/2022 11/27/2022

2022-2023 Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

2022-2023 Detections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Mammals 1/2023 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

A frightening virus is killing a massive number of wild birds Scientists have never seen anything like it. 5/2023

APHIS.USDA.gov Site Map

Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses
Avian flu detected for first time in Antarctica's sea mammals 1/2024

Avian Flu Diary

Avian flu's spread to mammals: A timeline 2/2023

Avian Influenza Woah.org

Avian influenza (H5N1): implications for intensive care March 28, 2006

Avian influenza overview September - December 2022

Avian Influenza Surveillance USGS.gov

Avian Influenza in Birds CDC.gov

Avian Influenza A (H5N1) - Cambodia 2/2023 WHO.int

Bird Flu Current Situation Summary CDC.gov

Bird Flu Has Begun to Spread in Mammals. Here's What's Important to Know 2/2023

Bird flu isn't a direct threat to humans yet, experts say, but they're keeping a close eye on the virus 2/2023

Bird flu outbreak in mink sparks concern about spread in people A variant of H5N1 influenza that can spread between mammals could pose an increased risk to people and wild animals. 2/2023

Bird flu researchers turn to Finland's mink farms, tracking a virus with pandemic potential 8/2023

Bird flu strain raises alarm as H5N1 virus kills South American wildlife 3/2024

Bird-flu threat disrupts Antarctic penguin studies. Projects have been cancelled in an effort to curb the virusâ€™s spread. 3/2024

Bird Flu Virus Infections in Humans CDC 4/2022

Brazil declares 180-day animal health emergency amid avian flu cases in wild birds 5/2023

Brief Summary for Clinicians: Evaluating and Managing Patients Exposed to Birds Infected with Avian Influenza A Viruses of Public Health Concern 3/22//2022 CDC.gov

CDC A(H5N1) Bird Flu Response Update 5/10/2024

Considerations for Veterinarians: Evaluating and Handling of Cats Potentially Exposed to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus 4/15/2024 CDC.gov

Distribution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in North America, 2021/2022 USGS.gov

Emergence and Evolution of H5N1 Bird Flu 5/2022

Epidemiological Alert Outbreaks of avian influenza and public health implications in the Region of the Americas 19 November 2022 PAHO

Epidemiological Alert - Outbreaks of avian influenza and public health implications in the Region of the Americas

European scientists highlight worrisome H5N1 avian flu mutations 3/2023

Explore Search: Avian Influenza USGS.gov

Farmed fur animals harbour viruses with zoonotic spillover potential 9/2024

Finland reports H5N1 avian flu in blue foxes on fur farm 7/2023

Found a Dead Wild Bird? Hereâ€™s What To Do Next USDA.gov

Four dead seals test positive for bird flu in Scotland. Experts warn of â€˜step-changeâ€™ in avian flu spread as number of cases in mammals continues to grow globally 2/2023

H5N1 avian flu strikes more fur farms and other mammals in Europe 7/2023

H5N1 avian flu strikes more Finnish fur farms, second fox species 7/2023

H5N1 Is Highly Lethal, but Only in Some Animals. Scientists Want to Know Why. And what if the virus mutates in a way that changes all that? 6/16/2024

Here's Why Experts Are Concerned About Bird Flu - Mink paper sets off alarms about potential for viral recombination 2/2023

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Detections in Alpacas 5/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Animals: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations CDC.gov Updated 4/15/2024

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Birds and Other Animals CDC.gov 1/2015

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in farmed minks, Spain, October 2022 1/2023

How annual bird migration could spread avian flu 5/2024 Reuters

How avian influenza has spread to Antarctic islands 9/2024 Cosmos

How humans can and can't catch bird flu 5/1/2024

How to stop the bird flu outbreak becoming a pandemic. From tracking the disease's spread in wild birds to updating human vaccines, there are measures that could help keep avian influenza in check. 3/2023. Nature.com

Human cases of avian flu worry WHO 1/2004

Information on Bird Flu CDC.gov

Officials warn of H5N1 avian flu reassortant circulating in parts of Asia 4/2024

Officials warn of H5N1 avian flu reassortant circulating in parts of Asia 4/2024

Ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals pose risk to humans. Situation analysis and advice to countries from FAO, WHO, WOAH 7/12/2023 WHO.int

Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in New England Seals 6/2022

Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Seals, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada 6/2024

Public Health Threat of Highly Pathogenic Asian Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus 3/20215

Questions & Answers: H5N1 Genetic Changes Inventory 6/2021 CDC.gov

Recent Bird Flu Infections in U.S. Wild Birds and Poultry Pose a Low Risk to the Public 2/2022

Russia and China report new H5N1 avian flu outbreaks in birds 7/2023

Scientists Brace for Media Storm Around Controversial Flu Studies 11/2011

Seal outbreak shows bird flu virus is adapting to mammals 6/7/2024

Sequence Read Archive (SRA) data NIH.gov use the search term H5N1

Situation Report: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) 1/2023

Stay vigilant with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) 5/2024

Studies describe deadly avian flu outbreaks among seals, terns 11/2024

Summary of Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT) Results CDC.gov

Technical Report: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses 3/17/2023 CDC.gov

Tests confirm H5N1 avian flu in Washington seals 9/2023

Thailand beat avian flu 20 years ago. What can we learn from their strategies? 6/2024

THREE GRIZZLY BEARS TEST POSITIVE FOR HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA 1/2023

Tracking the bird flu, experts see a familiar threat” and a virus whose course is hard to predict 2/2023

USDA Publishes H5N1 Influenza A Virus Genetic Sequences on publicly available site 4/22/2024

USDA reports more H5N1 detections in poultry, wild birds 5/2024

Vaccine Makers Are Preparing for Bird Flu Although most experts say bird flu is not an immediate threat to humans, efforts are underway to produce vaccines for H5N1 or another potential pandemic virus 3/2023 Scientific American

Vigilance Urged Against Bird Flu Amid Ongoing Outbreaks in Mammals 7/2023 JAMANetwork

Wastewater testing finds H5N1 avian flu in 9 Texas cities 5/13/2024

We're nervous. Deadly bird flu may be in North America to stay. H5N1 has continued to kill wild birds and poultry this summer. The fall migration could bring it back in force 8/2022 Science.org

What Bird Flu Reminds Us About Influenza Pandemics - We must be prepared and proactive 2/2023

What To Know About Bird Flu pdf

Wider bird flu spread raises concern for humans, animal health body says 4/4/2024

Zoonotic Mutation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Identified in the Brain of Multiple Wild Carnivore Species 1/2023

Forms of Transmission

Can avian flu spread via the wind? Can't be ruled out, experts say 2/2025

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Avian Flu/H5N2

China reports more H9N2 and H10N3 avian flu cases 5/13/2025

1st known human case of H5N2 bird flu kills person in Mexico 6/6/2024 Livescience.com

Avian Influenza A (H5N2) - Mexico 6/5/2024

Avian Flu/H5N5

Iceland confirms H5N5 avian flu in cat death 1/2025

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COVID-19 AKA 2019 Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV
July 6, 2020 - A new comprehensive series of webpages have been created for COVID-19.

Influenza - General Info

Graphic source: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2769679

Graphic source: http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/10/health/flu-risk-birth-year/

Antiviral Drugs CDC

Clinical Description and Diagnosis CDC

Europa - Public Health - Threats to Health

First flu is forever 11/2016

Flu Facts vs. Myths What's true about the flu? CDC

Google Flu Trends

How some cities â€˜flattened the curveâ€™ during the 1918 flu pandemic. Social distancing isnâ€™t a new ideaâ€”it saved thousands of American lives during the last great pandemic. Here's how it worked. 3 3/2020

Influenza MedlinePlus

Influenza (Flu) Viruses CDC

Influenza (the Flu): Questions & Answers CDC

Influenza Symptoms, Protection, and What to Do If You Get Sick CDC

Influenza Vaccination Coverage --- United States, 2000--2010 MMWR 1/2011

Is It a Cold or Is It the Flu? WebMD slide show

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination 8/2020 JAMA

Drug-resistant Influenza (Combination of I233V and S247N Strains)

CDC identifies drug-resistant flu variant in the U.S. Two cases have been identified so far

Pandemic Preparedness

Prevention and Control of Influenza CDC MMWR 7/2007

Questions & Answers: Flu Shot (CDC)

Questions & Answers: The Nasal-Spray Flu Vaccine (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine [LAIV])(CDC)

Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009; MMWR 7/2009

Spanish flu: The deadliest pandemic in history

1918 Flu Pandemic That Killed 50 Million Originated in China, Historians Say. Chinese laborers transported across Canada thought to be source. 1/2014

The Influenza Viruses CDC

Types of Influenza Viruses CDC.gov

U.S. Flu Activity & Surveillance

Who Should Get the Influenza Vaccine (Flu Vaccine) (CDC)

Why Some Flus Are Deadliest in Young Adults The first flu you get matters for the rest of your life 11/2016

Your flu risk may be linked to the year you were born 11/2016

Influenza A/H2N2

Influenza A (H2N2) Situation - Threat to Public Health from Influenza A (H2N2) is Low April 15, 2005

Questions and Answers: Influenza A (H2N2) Panels 4/15/2005

Influenza A/H5N1 (Avian Flu)

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) CDC

Avian Influenza WHO

Avian Influenza: Resources for Health Professionals CDC

Influenza Report Online Textbook

Key Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus CDC

Notice to Travelers about Avian Influenza A (H5N1) CDC 3/2005

Questions and Answers About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus CDC

Influenza A/H5N6 (Avian Flu)

China reports fatal H5N6 avian flu case 7/25/2024

Influenza A/H7N9 (Avian Flu) and Other

China reports infections from H9N2, H10N3 avian flu 1/14/2025

Emergence of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Causing Severe Human Illness China, February-April 2013 MMWR 5/2013

H7N9 avian flu strikes Mississippi broiler farm 3/2025

Move Over, H5N1—Another Bird Flu Strain Has Arrived in the U.S. It's the first poultry outbreak of H7N9 seen within the U.S. in nearly a decade. 3/17/2025

Influenza Bat(Bat Flu)

Bat Influenza

Influenza Canine (Canine Flu)

Canine Influenza

PUBLISHED ON THE WEB: July 20, 2024
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